Trucking Logistics 101: FTL vs LTL and How to Pick the Right Mode
The Critical Role of Trucking in Modern Supply Chains
Once your freight clears the port or leaves the factory, a truck almost always handles the first or final mile. Choosing between Full Truckload (FTL) and Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) isn't just about filling a trailer—it's about balancing cost, speed, and risk across your entire network.
What Exactly Is FTL?
FTL uses a dedicated 48' or 53' trailer for one customer. The driver goes straight from origin to destination—no terminal handoffs.
Speed
Direct transit shaves one to three days off long-haul routes.
Security
Fewer touchpoints mean less chance of damage or theft.
Consistency
Ideal for just-in-time (JIT) replenishment or seasonal spikes when delivery windows are tight.
When Does LTL Make More Sense?
LTL carriers consolidate multiple shippers' pallets in one trailer, using a hub-and-spoke network to sort freight. It shines when:
Shipment weight is 150–15,000 lbs
And you're not near trailer capacity
You ship to diverse destinations
In small, regular bursts
Budget is critical
And two-to-five-day transit is acceptable
Cost, Transit, and Risk Matrix
| Factor | FTL | LTL |
|---|---|---|
| Cost per pound | Lower (if trailer is full) | Lower (if trailer is < ½ full) |
| Transit time | Fastest | Moderate |
| Handling steps | 1 load / 1 unload | 3-5 transfers |
| Ideal freight | High-value, urgent, volume > 15 pallets | Smaller orders, multiple consignees |
Hybrid Strategies that Slash Spend
Progressive shippers increasingly blend modes: staging bulk replenishment via monthly FTL moves to regional DCs, then using LTL for store restocks. Others pool freight with nearby suppliers so two half trailers become one FTL, halving cost per mile.
Integrated Global Logistics runs sophisticated network analyses to uncover these opportunities, often producing double-digit savings without adding transit time.
How IGL Adds Value as Your Trucking Partner
Carrier Procurement
Our database of vetted regional and national fleets covers dry van, flatbed, reefer, and hazmat. Volume leverage brings you aggressive contract rates.
Load Planning & Consolidation
Operations teams combine compatible LTL shipments and align FTL schedules to minimise empty miles and dwell time, delivering reliable service.
Visibility & Control
API connectivity with ELD devices delivers live ETAs. Exception dashboards alert your planners before problems escalate.
Claims Management
If damage occurs, our claims desk handles paperwork, photos, and negotiations so you recover quickly and maintain service levels.
Accessorial Fees
Stack pallets to even heights
Mixed skids invite re-stack charges.
Use shrink-wrap with corner boards
To strengthen edges against compression.
Label each pallet properly
With consignee, PO number, and piece count so cross-docks don't mis-route freight.
Schedule pickups early in the day
To avoid detention bills.
The Road Ahead
Electric class-8 tractors, autonomous platooning, and real-time spot bidding platforms are transforming trucking economics. Partnering with an adaptable provider like IGL keeps you ahead of regulatory and technology shifts without rebuilding your carrier base from scratch.
Bottom Line
Choosing between FTL and LTL isn't about size alone—it's a strategic lever to reduce landed cost and boost on-time performance. IGL's combination of deep carrier relationships, advanced analytics, and proactive customer service makes it easy to deploy the right mode on every lane.